From Harare to Pretoria: How ZANU-PF’s Dirty Money Is Influencing African Diplomacy.

By Youngerson Matete Introduction. In the high-stakes realm of international relations, traditional diplomacy that was once anchored in shared values, ideology, and international law has increasingly been augmented, and at times overshadowed, by wallet diplomacy . This emerging paradigm hinges on the use of financial leverage, strategic investments, control over natural resources, and well-funded lobbying to influence the behavior of other states. From direct monetary inducements to campaign financing and opaque infrastructure deals, economic tools are now deployed not only to pursue national interests but to redraw diplomatic allegiances and reorder global influence. From Israel’s institutionalized lobbying efforts in the West to ZANU-PF’s resource-backed statecraft across Africa, money has become a primary currency in determining who is heard, supported, or sanctioned. Wallet diplomacy shapes UN votes, legitimizes authoritarian regimes, and marginalizes dissenting actors even t...